Vietnamese Martyrs (Vietnamese: Các Thánh Tử đạo Việt Nam), also known as the Martyrs of Tonkin and Cochinchina, collectively Martyrs of Annam or formerly Martyrs of
Indochina, are saints of the Catholic Church who were canonized by Pope John Paul II. On June 19, 1988, thousands of overseas Vietnamese worldwide gathered at St. Peter's Square for the celebration of the canonization of 117 Vietnamese Martyrs, an event organized by Monsignor Trần Văn Hoài.[1] Their memorial in the current General Roman Calendar is on November 24 as Saint Andrew Dung-Lac and Companions (Vietnamese: Anrê Dũng-Lạc và các bạn tử đạo), although many of these saints have a second memorial, having been beatified and inscribed on the local calendar prior to the canonization of the group.
History[]
The Vatican estimates the number of Vietnamese martyrs at between 130,000 and 300,000.[2] John Paul II decided to canonize both those whose names are known and
unknown, giving them a single feast day.The Vietnamese Martyrs fall into several groupings: those of the Dominican and Jesuit missionary era of the 18th century and those killed in the politically inspired persecutions of the 19th century. A representative sample of only 117 martyrs—including 96 Vietnamese, 11 Spanish Dominicans, and ten French members of the Paris Foreign Missions Society (Missions Etrangères de Paris (MEP))—were beatified on four separate occasions: 64 by Pope Leo XIII on May 27, 1900; eight by Pope Pius X on May 20, 1906; 20 by Pope Pius X on May 2, 1909; and 25 by Pope Pius XII on April 29, 1951.[3] All 117 of these Vietnamese Martyrs were canonized on June 19, 1988.[4] A young Vietnamese Martyr, Andrew of Phú Yên, was beatified in March 2000, by Pope John Paul II.Christians at the time were branded on the face with the words "tả đạo" (左道, lit. "unorthodox religion")[5] and families and villages which subscribed to Christianity were obliterated.[6]The letters and example of Théophane Vénard inspired the young Saint Thérèse of Lisieux to volunteer for the Carmelite nunnery at Hanoi, though she ultimately contracted tuberculosis and could not go. In 1865 Vénard's body was transferred to his Congregation's church in Paris, but his head remains in Vietnam.[3]There are several Catholic parishes in the United States, Canada, and elsewhere dedicated to the Martyrs of Vietnam (Holy Martyrs of Vietnam Parishes), one of the largest of which is located in Arlington, Texas, in the Dallas-Fort Worth area.[7] Others can be found in Houston and Austin, Texas,[8] Denver, Seattle, San Antonio,[9] Arlington, Virginia; Richmond, Virginia; and Norcross, Georgia. There are also churches named after individual saints, such as St. Philippe Minh Church in Saint Boniface, Manitoba.[10]
List[]
- Peter Almato Bình
- Matthew Anlonzo Leciniana Đậu
- Valentin Berrio Ochoa Vinh
- Jean-Louis Bonnard Hương
- Paul Tống Viết Bường
- Dominic Đổ Đình Cẩm
- Francis Xavier Nguyễn Cần
- Joseph Hoàng Lương Cảnh
- Jacinto Castaneda Gia
- Francis Đỗ Văn Chiểu
- Johnbaptist Cỏn
- Jean-Charles Cornay Tân
- Stephen Théodore Cuénot Thể
- Ingatio Delgaho Y
- Joseph maria Daiz Sanjurjo An
- Tomas Đinh Viết Dụ
- Benard Vũ Văn Duệ
- Peter Dumoulin Borie Cao
- Anderw Dũng Lạc
- Peter Đinh Văn Dũng
- Vincent Phạm Văn Dương
- Peter Phan Hữu Đa
- Dominic Đinh Đạt
- John Đoàn Viết Đạt
- Mathew Nguyễn Đắc Phượng
- Tomas Nguyễn Văn Đệ
- Anthony Nguyễn Tiến Đích
- Vincent Nguyễn Thế Điểm
- Peter Trương Văn Đường
- Joseph Fenadez Hiền
- Francis-Isidore Gagelin Kính
- Matthew Lê Văn Gẫm
- Joseph Melchoir Garcia Sampedro Xuyên
- Dominic Nguyễn Văn Hạnh
- Paul Trần Văn Hạnh
- Dominic Henares Minh
- Jenorimo Hermosilla Liêm
- Joseph Ngô Duy Hiển
- Peter Nguyễn Văn Hiếu
- Simon Phan Đắc Hòa
- John Đoàn Trinh Hoan
- Augustin Phan Viết Huy
- Dominic Trần Văn Huyên
- Lorenzo Phạn Viết Ngôn
- Micheal Hồ Đình Hy
- Francis Jaccard Phan
- Dominic Phạm Trọng Khảm
- Joseph Nguyễn Duy Khang
- Peter Hoàng Khanh
- Peter Vũ Đang Khoa
- Paul Phạm Khắc Khoan
- Tomas Khuông
- Vincent Phạm Hiếu Liêm
- Luke Vũ Bá Loan
- Paul Lê Văn Lộc
- Joseph Nguyễn Văn Lựu
- Peter Nguyễn Văn Lựu
- Dominic Đinh Đức Mạo
- Joseph Marchand Du
- Dominic Đinh Đức Mậu
- Francis Xavier Hà Trọng Mậu
- Philip Phan Văn Minh
- Agustin Nguyễn Văn Mới
- Micheal Nguyễn Huy Mỹ
- Paul Nguyễn Văn Mỹ
- Peter Francis Neron Bắc
- Paul Nguyễn Ngân
- Joseph Nguyễn Đình Nghi
- Lorezo Nguyễn Văn Hưởng
- Jean-Louis Bonnard Hương
- Dominic Nguyên
- Dominic Nguyễn Đức Nhi
- Dominic Trần Duy Ninh
- Emmanuel Nguyễn Văn Phụng
- Peter Đoàn Công Quý
- Anthony nguyễn Hữu Quỳnh
- Agustin Schoeffler Đông
- Joseph Phạm Trọng Tả
- Johnbaptist Đinh Văn Thành
- Aneges Lê Thị Thành
- Nicolas Bùi Đức Thể
- Peter Trương Văn Thi
- Joseph Lê Đăng Thị
- Tomas Trần Văn Thiện
- Luke Phạm Trọng Thìn
- Matin Tạ Đức Thịnh
- Matin Thọ
- Andrew Nguyễn Kim Thông
- Peter Đinh Văn Thuần
- Francis Trần Văn Trung
- Dominic Toại
- Tomas Toán
- Dominic Trạch
- Paul Lê Bảo Tịnh
- Emanuel Nguyễn Văn Triệu
- Andrew Trần Văn Trông
- Paul Vũ Văn Truật
- Joseph Tuân
- Joseph Trần Văn Tuấn
- Peter Nguyễn Bá Tuần
- Joseph Phạm Quang Túc
- Peter Lê Tùy
- Peter Nguyễn khắc Tự
- Peter Nguyễn Văn Tự
- Dominic Vũ Đình Tước
- Andrew Tường
- Vincent Tường
- Dominic Bùi Văn Úy
- Joseph Nguyễn Đình Uyển
- Peter Đoàn Văn Vân
- Jean-Theophane Venard Ven
- Joseph Đặng Đình Viên
- Stephen Nguyễn Văn Vinh
- Dominic Nguyễn Văn Xuyên
- Vincent Đỗ Yến
Causes being promoted[]
- Andrew Phú Yên
- Francis Xavier Trương Bửu Diệp
- John baptist Nguyễn Tân Văn
- Louis Phan Văn Ngò
- Peter Nguyễn Văn Dinh
- Francis Xavier Nguyễn Văn Thuận
- Peter Trần Văn Thép
Martyrs not yet canonized[]
- 26 martyrs of Kẻ Sặt