| Alexander IV | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Papacy began | December 12, 1254 |
| Papacy ended | May 25, 1261 |
| Predecessor | Innocent IV |
| Successor | Urban IV |
| Personal details | |
| Birth name | Rinaldo di Jenne |
| Born |
1199 or c. 1185 Jenne, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire |
| Died |
May 25, 1261 Viterbo, Italy |
| Other Popes named Alexander | |
Pope Alexander IV (1199 or ca. 1185 – May 25, 1261) was Pope from 1254 until his death.
Born as Rinaldo di Jenne, in Jenne, near Anagni, he was, on his mother's side, a member of the de' Conti di Segni family, the counts of Segni, like Pope Innocent III (1198-1216) and Pope Gregory IX (1227-1241). His uncle, Pope Gregory IX made him cardinal deacon and Protector of the Order of Franciscans in 1227, Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church from 1227 until 1231 and Bishop of Ostia in 1231 (or 1232). He became Dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals in 1244 (or in 1240). On the death of Pope Innocent IV (1243-1254) he was elected Pope at Naples on December 12, 1254.
Alexander IV succeeded Innocent IV as guardian of Conradin, the last of the Hohenstaufens, promising him protection; but in less than a fortnight he conspired against him and bitterly opposed Conradin's uncle Manfred. Alexander IV threatened excommunication and interdict against the party of Manfred, without effect. Nor could he enlist the Kings of England and Norway in a crusade against the Hohenstaufens. Rome itself became too Ghibelline for the Pope, who withdrew to Viterbo, where he died in 1261. He was buried in Viterbo Cathedral, but his tomb was destroyed during sixteenth century renovations.
His pontificate was signaled by efforts to unite the Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic churches, by the establishment of the Inquisition in France, by favours shown to the mendicant orders, and by an attempt to organize a crusade against the Tatars after the second raid against Poland in 1259.
On 12 April 1261, shortly before his death, he issued a papal bull for Henry III of England, absolving Henry of oaths taken in the Provisions of Oxford, which was instrumental in the Second Barons' War.[1]
References
- ↑ Harding, Alan. England in the Thirteenth Century. Cambridge University Press. p. 290.
"Pope Alexander IV" in the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia.- Richard, Jean (1999). The Crusades: c. 1071-c. 1291. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-62566-1.
- Harding, Alan. England in the Thirteenth Century. Cambridge University Press. p. 290.
- This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica, Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.
See also
- Battle of Ain Jalut
| Catholic Church titles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Ugolino di Conti |
Cardinal-bishop of Ostia 1231-1254 |
Succeeded by Hugh of Saint-Cher |
| Preceded by Innocent IV |
Pope 1254–1261 |
Succeeded by Urban IV |
| Popes of the Roman Catholic Church |
|---|
| Peter • Linus • Anacletus • Clement I • Evaristus • Alexander I • Sixtus I • Telesphorus • Hyginus • Pius I • Anicetus • Soter • Eleuterus • Victor I • Zephyrinus • Callixtus I • Urban I • Pontian • Anterus • Fabian • Cornelius • Lucius I • Stephen I • Sixtus II • Dionysius • Felix I • Eutychian • Caius • Marcellinus • Marcellus I • Eusebius • Miltiades • Silvester I • Mark • Julius I • Liberius • Damasus I • Siricius • Anastasius I • Innocent I • Zosimus • Boniface I • Celestine I • Sixtus III • Leo I • Hilarius • Simplicius • Felix III • Gelasius I • Anastasius II • Symmachus • Hormisdas • John I • Felix IV • Boniface II • John II • Agapetus I • Silverius • Vigilius • Pelagius I • John III • Benedict I • Pelagius II • Gregory I • Sabinian • Boniface III • Boniface IV • Adeodatus I • Boniface V • Honorius I • Severinus • John IV • Theodore I • Martin I • Eugene I • Vitalian • Adeodatus II • Donus • Agatho • Leo II • Benedict II • John V • Conon • Sergius I • John VI • John VII • Sisinnius • Constantine • Gregory II • Gregory III • Zachary • Stephen II • Paul I • Stephen III • Adrian I • Leo III • Stephen IV • Paschal I • Eugene II • Valentine • Gregory IV • Sergius II • Leo IV • Benedict III • Nicholas I • Adrian II • John VIII • Marinus I • Adrian III • Stephen V • Formosus • Boniface VI • Stephen VI • Romanus • Theodore II • John IX • Benedict IV • Leo V • Sergius III • Anastasius III • Lando • John X • Leo VI • Stephen VII • John XI • Leo VII • Stephen VIII • Marinus II • Agapetus II • John XII • Leo VIII • Benedict V • John XIII • Benedict VI • Benedict VII • John XIV • John XV • Gregory V • Silvester II • John XVII • John XVIII • Sergius IV • Benedict VIII • John XIX • Benedict IX • Silvester III • Benedict IX • Gregory VI • Clement II • Benedict IX • Damasus II • Leo IX • Victor II • Stephen IX • Nicholas II • Alexander II • Gregory VII • Victor III • Urban II • Paschal II • Gelasius II • Callixtus II • Honorius II • Innocent II • Celestine II • Lucius II • Eugene III • Anastasius IV • Adrian IV • Alexander III • Lucius III • Urban III • Gregory VIII • Clement III • Celestine III • Innocent III • Honorius III • Gregory IX • Celestine IV • Innocent IV • Alexander IV • Urban IV • Clement IV • Gregory X • Innocent V • Adrian V • John XXI • Nicholas III • Martin IV • Honorius IV • Nicholas IV • Celestine V • Boniface VIII • Benedict XI • Clement V • John XXII • Benedict XII • Clement VI • Innocent VI • Urban V • Gregory XI • Urban VI • Boniface IX • Innocent VII • Gregory XII • Martin V • Eugene IV • Nicholas V • Callixtus III • Pius II • Paul II • Sixtus IV • Innocent VIII • Alexander VI • Pius III • Julius II • Leo X • Adrian VI • Clement VII • Paul III • Julius III • Marcellus II • Paul IV • Pius IV • Pius V • Gregory XIII • Sixtus V • Urban VII • Gregory XIV • Innocent IX • Clement VIII • Leo XI • Paul V • Gregory XV • Urban VIII • Innocent X • Alexander VII • Clement IX • Clement X • Innocent XI • Alexander VIII • Innocent XII • Clement XI • Innocent XIII • Benedict XIII • Clement XII • Benedict XIV • Clement XIII • Clement XIV • Pius VI • Pius VII • Leo XII • Pius VIII • Gregory XVI • Pius IX • Leo XIII • Pius X • Benedict XV • Pius XI • Pius XII • John XXIII • Paul VI • John Paul I • John Paul II • Benedict XVI • Francis |
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 |
This biography of a Catholic Pope or a claimant to the papacy is a stub. You can help by expanding it. |
af:Pous Alexander IV bs:Papa Aleksandar IV ca:Alexandre IV cs:Alexandr IV. fa:الکساندر چهارم gl:Alexandre IV, papa ko:교황 알렉산데르 4세 hr:Aleksandar IV. id:Paus Aleksander IV jv:Paus Aleksander IV sw:Papa Alexander IV la:Alexander IV lv:Aleksandrs IV lt:Aleksandras IV hu:IV. Sándor pápa mk:Папа Александар IV mr:पोप अलेक्झांडर चौथा ja:アレクサンデル4世 (ローマ教皇) pt:Papa Alexandre IV ro:Papa Alexandru al IV-lea ru:Александр IV (папа римский) fi:Aleksanteri IV (paavi) sv:Alexander IV (påve) tl:Alejandro IV (Papa) th:สมเด็จพระสันตะปาปาอเล็กซานเดอร์ที่ 4 uk:Олександр IV war:Papa Alejandro IV zh:歷山四世
